A cervical biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the cervix to be examined under a microscope. It is commonly performed to evaluate abnormal Pap test results, diagnose cervical cancer or precancerous changes, and investigate unusual vaginal bleeding.
Reasons for a Cervical Biopsy
- Abnormal Pap smear results.
- Presence of HPV (Human Papillomavirus).
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding.
- Suspicion of cervical cancer or precancerous lesions.
- Chronic inflammation of the cervix.
Types of Cervical Biopsies
- Punch biopsy: A small piece of tissue is removed using a sharp tool.
- Endocervical curettage (ECC): A small, spoon-shaped instrument (curette) is used to scrape cells from the cervical canal.
- Cone biopsy: A larger, cone-shaped piece of tissue is removed using a scalpel or laser.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation:
- You may be advised to avoid sexual activity and tampon use 24 hours before the procedure.
- The procedure is usually performed in the doctor’s office.
- Procedure:
- You will lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups.
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina to open the walls and provide access to the cervix.
- The doctor will remove a small piece of tissue using a biopsy tool or curette.
- The tissue sample is sent to a lab for analysis.
- Duration: The procedure typically takes about 5 to 10 minutes.
- Aftercare: Mild cramping and spotting may occur for 1 to 2 days.
Aftercare and Recovery
- You may experience mild cramping and light bleeding for up to a week.
- Avoid sexual activity and tampon use for at least 1 week.
- Use sanitary pads instead of tampons to avoid irritation.
- Pain relievers like ibuprofen can help relieve discomfort.
- Contact your doctor if you experience heavy bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling discharge.
Possible Risks and Complications
- Mild bleeding or cramping.
- Infection (rare).
- Heavy bleeding (uncommon).
- Scarring of the cervix (rare).
- Delayed healing in some cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is a cervical biopsy painful?
You may feel mild cramping or pinching during the procedure. Pain relievers can help manage discomfort afterward.
2. How long does it take to heal after a cervical biopsy?
Most women heal within 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid sexual activity and tampon use during this time.
3. How soon will I get the biopsy results?
Results are usually available within 1 to 2 weeks.
4. Can a cervical biopsy affect future pregnancies?
In most cases, cervical biopsies do not affect future pregnancies. However, cone biopsies may increase the risk of cervical insufficiency.
5. What should I avoid after a cervical biopsy?
Avoid sexual activity, tampon use, and strenuous exercise for at least one week.
6. What are signs of complications after a cervical biopsy?
Contact your doctor if you have heavy bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection (fever, foul-smelling discharge).
7. Will a cervical biopsy leave a scar?
A punch biopsy or ECC typically does not cause scarring. A cone biopsy may lead to minor scarring.