CO2 laser ablation is a procedure used to remove abnormal or damaged tissue from the cervix, vagina, or vulva. It involves the use of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to precisely target and vaporize abnormal cells while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue.
Why Is CO2 Laser Ablation Performed?
- To treat precancerous changes in the cervix (CIN).
- To manage vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).
- To treat vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).
- To remove genital warts or other lesions caused by HPV.
- To address scar tissue or adhesions in the vaginal area.
- To treat lichen sclerosus or other chronic vulvar skin conditions.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation:
- Avoid sexual intercourse and tampon use for 24 hours before the procedure.
- A pregnancy test may be required to confirm that you are not pregnant.
- You may be advised to take an over-the-counter pain reliever before the procedure.
- During the Procedure:
- The procedure is performed in an outpatient setting.
- You will lie on an examination table with your feet in stirrups.
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
- A local anesthetic may be used to numb the area.
- The CO2 laser is directed at the abnormal tissue, which is precisely vaporized.
- The procedure typically lasts 10 to 20 minutes.
- Aftercare:
- You may experience mild cramping and a watery discharge for a few days.
- Avoid sexual intercourse, douching, and tampon use for 2 to 4 weeks.
- Pain relief can usually be managed with over-the-counter medications.
- Follow up with your doctor to monitor healing and check for recurrence.
Possible Risks and Complications
- Infection (fever, foul-smelling discharge).
- Heavy bleeding or prolonged spotting.
- Scarring or narrowing of the vaginal canal or cervix.
- Persistent or recurrent lesions.
- In rare cases, damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is CO2 laser ablation painful?
The procedure is usually well tolerated. Local anesthesia helps minimize discomfort during the procedure, but mild cramping may occur afterward.
2. How long does it take to recover from CO2 laser ablation?
Most women recover within 1 to 2 weeks, but you should avoid sexual intercourse and tampon use for up to 4 weeks.
3. Can CO2 laser ablation affect fertility?
In most cases, CO2 laser ablation does not affect fertility, but scarring of the cervix or vaginal canal could potentially cause complications.
4. How effective is CO2 laser ablation in treating cervical dysplasia?
CO2 laser ablation is highly effective, with success rates exceeding 90% for treating mild to moderate cervical dysplasia.
5. What kind of discharge should I expect after the procedure?
You may experience a watery, pinkish discharge for up to 2 weeks as the treated tissue heals.
6. Can CO2 laser ablation be repeated if needed?
Yes, the procedure can be repeated if abnormal tissue returns or if the initial treatment is incomplete.
7. When should I contact my doctor after the procedure?
Contact your doctor if you experience fever, heavy bleeding, foul-smelling discharge, or severe abdominal pain.