A cone biopsy or LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) is performed to remove abnormal or precancerous cells from the cervix. These procedures are commonly recommended following abnormal Pap smear results or positive HPV testing, helping to prevent cervical cancer by removing affected tissue early.
Why Is a Cone Biopsy or LEEP Performed?
- To treat cervical dysplasia (abnormal or precancerous cells).
- To remove abnormal cells found during a Pap smear or colposcopy.
- To prevent the progression of cervical dysplasia to cancer.
- To obtain a tissue sample for further diagnostic analysis.
- To manage persistent HPV infection affecting the cervix.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation:
- Avoid vaginal intercourse, douching, and tampon use for 24 hours before the procedure.
- You may be asked to take an over-the-counter pain reliever prior to your visit.
- Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or have any bleeding disorders.
- During the Procedure:
- Performed in-office (LEEP) or in an operating room (Cone biopsy) under local or general anesthesia.
- A speculum is used to visualize the cervix.
- LEEP uses a thin electrified wire loop to remove abnormal tissue.
- Cone biopsy removes a cone-shaped section of the cervix with a scalpel or laser.
- The procedure typically takes 10 to 30 minutes.
- Aftercare:
- Mild cramping, spotting, or discharge is common for several days.
- Avoid sex, tampons, and douching for 2 to 4 weeks.
- You may be prescribed pain relievers or antibiotics if needed.
- Follow-up Pap or HPV testing will be scheduled to monitor healing.
Possible Risks and Complications
- Infection or bleeding at the treatment site.
- Cervical stenosis (narrowing of the cervix).
- Increased risk of preterm labor in future pregnancies (more common with cone biopsy).
- Incomplete removal of abnormal cells, requiring further treatment.
- Temporary vaginal discharge with a watery or dark brown appearance.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the difference between LEEP and cone biopsy?
LEEP is less invasive and uses an electrified wire loop to remove abnormal tissue. A cone biopsy removes a larger, cone-shaped portion of the cervix and may require anesthesia.
2. Will the procedure be painful?
Most patients feel mild cramping or pressure. LEEP is usually done with local anesthesia; cone biopsy may require general anesthesia for comfort.
3. How long is the recovery period?
Initial recovery takes a few days, but full healing may take 2 to 4 weeks. Your doctor will guide you on when to resume normal activities.
4. Can I still get pregnant after LEEP or cone biopsy?
Yes, most women can still conceive. However, multiple or deep procedures may increase the risk of cervical insufficiency or preterm birth. Always discuss pregnancy plans with your provider.
5. Will I need follow-up after the procedure?
Yes, follow-up Pap smears or HPV testing is essential to ensure all abnormal cells were removed and to monitor for recurrence.
6. Are these procedures effective in preventing cervical cancer?
Yes. When performed early, both LEEP and cone biopsy are highly effective in preventing progression to cervical cancer by removing precancerous cells.
7. What if my results show cancer?
If cervical cancer is diagnosed, your provider will guide you through the next steps, which may include further testing or a referral to a gynecologic oncologist.