An endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to be examined under a microscope. It is often performed to investigate abnormal uterine bleeding, monitor the effects of hormone therapy, or diagnose endometrial cancer or other uterine conditions.
Reasons for an Endometrial Biopsy
- Abnormal uterine bleeding (heavy, irregular, or postmenopausal).
- Monitoring the effects of hormone therapy.
- Evaluation of infertility or repeated miscarriages.
- Investigation of thickened endometrial lining seen on ultrasound.
- Screening for endometrial cancer or hyperplasia.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation:
- The procedure is usually performed in the doctor’s office.
- You may be advised to take an over-the-counter pain reliever beforehand.
- Procedure:
- You will lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups.
- A speculum is inserted to hold the vaginal walls open.
- A thin, flexible tube (pipelle) is inserted through the cervix into the uterus.
- A small sample of tissue is gently suctioned from the uterine lining.
- Duration: The procedure typically takes about 5 to 10 minutes.
- Aftercare: You may experience mild cramping and spotting for 1 to 2 days.
Aftercare and Recovery
- You may experience mild cramping and spotting for 1 to 2 days.
- Avoid using tampons and having intercourse for 24 to 48 hours after the procedure.
- Pain relievers like ibuprofen can help manage discomfort.
- Contact your doctor if you experience heavy bleeding, fever, or severe pain.
Possible Risks and Complications
- Mild cramping and spotting.
- Infection (rare).
- Perforation of the uterus (very rare).
- Heavy bleeding or clotting (uncommon).
- False-negative or inconclusive results may require further testing.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is an endometrial biopsy painful?
You may feel mild to moderate cramping during the procedure. Taking a pain reliever beforehand can help reduce discomfort.
2. How long does it take to get the results?
Results are typically available within 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the type of analysis required.
3. Can I resume normal activities after an endometrial biopsy?
Yes, but avoid heavy exercise, intercourse, and tampon use for 24 to 48 hours after the procedure.
4. Will I bleed after the biopsy?
Light spotting for a day or two is common. Heavy bleeding should be reported to your doctor.
5. Why would I need an endometrial biopsy?
Your doctor may recommend it to investigate abnormal bleeding, monitor hormone therapy, or screen for uterine cancer.
6. Can an endometrial biopsy affect future fertility?
No, an endometrial biopsy typically does not affect fertility.
7. What are signs of complications after the biopsy?
Contact your doctor if you have heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or foul-smelling discharge.