Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to cervical, anal, and other cancers, as well as genital warts. HPV vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent HPV infection and related complications.
What is the HPV Vaccine?
- The HPV vaccine protects against the most common strains of HPV that cause cancer and genital warts.
- There are three FDA-approved HPV vaccines: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix.
- Gardasil 9 protects against nine strains of HPV, including those most linked to cervical cancer and genital warts.
Who Should Get Vaccinated?
- All boys and girls aged 9 to 12 (optimal age for vaccination)
- Teens and young adults up to age 26 who did not get vaccinated earlier
- Adults up to age 45 may be eligible for vaccination based on individual risk factors
- Individuals with weakened immune systems may benefit from vaccination
How is the Vaccine Given?
- Administered as a series of two or three doses, depending on age at first dose
- Doses are given over a 6-month period
- Injected into the upper arm or thigh
Benefits of the HPV Vaccine
- Reduces the risk of cervical cancer by up to 90%
- Protects against anal, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers
- Prevents most cases of genital warts
- Long-lasting protection against HPV-related diseases
Possible Side Effects
- Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Headache or fatigue
- Dizziness or fainting (more common in adolescents)
- Severe allergic reactions are very rare
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is the HPV vaccine safe?
Yes, the HPV vaccine has been extensively tested and shown to be safe and effective. Side effects are typically mild and temporary.
2. How long does protection from the HPV vaccine last?
Studies show that the HPV vaccine provides long-lasting protection, with immunity lasting at least 10 years and possibly longer.
3. Can you get the HPV vaccine if you’ve already had an HPV infection?
Yes, the vaccine can still protect against other strains of HPV that you haven’t been exposed to yet.
4. Can boys and men receive the HPV vaccine?
Yes, the HPV vaccine is recommended for both males and females to prevent genital warts and HPV-related cancers.
5. Do you need to get screened for cervical cancer if you’ve had the HPV vaccine?
Yes, routine cervical cancer screening (Pap smears) is still recommended even if you’ve had the HPV vaccine.
6. Can the HPV vaccine cause infertility?
No, there is no evidence that the HPV vaccine causes infertility. In fact, it protects against complications from HPV infections that could lead to infertility.
7. Should you get the HPV vaccine if you’re already sexually active?
Yes, the vaccine can still provide protection against HPV strains you haven’t been exposed to yet.