Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus. Depending on the reason for the surgery, the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes may also be removed. After a hysterectomy, you will no longer have periods and cannot become pregnant.

Types of Hysterectomy

• Total Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus and cervix.
• Partial (Subtotal) Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus but leaving the cervix intact.
• Radical Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, cervix, part of the vagina, and surrounding tissue (usually for cancer).

Surgical Approaches

• Vaginal Hysterectomy:
  • The uterus is removed through the vagina.
  • Shorter recovery time and no external scars.
• Laparoscopic Hysterectomy:
  • Small incisions are made in the abdomen.
  • A laparoscope (thin tube with a camera) is used to remove the uterus.
  • Faster recovery and less pain than abdominal hysterectomy.
• Abdominal Hysterectomy:
  • The uterus is removed through a larger incision in the abdomen.
  • Used for larger fibroids or certain cancers.

Reasons for Hysterectomy

• Uterine fibroids causing heavy bleeding and pain.
• Endometriosis.
• Chronic pelvic pain.
• Uterine prolapse.
• Adenomyosis (thickening of the uterine walls).
• Cervical or uterine cancer.

Procedure Overview

• Preparation:
  • Avoid eating or drinking for 8 hours before the procedure.
  • Stop blood-thinning medications as advised by your doctor.
• Procedure:
  • Performed under general anesthesia.
  • Duration ranges from 1 to 3 hours depending on the type and approach.
  • The uterus and other tissues are carefully removed.
• Aftercare:
  • Hospital stay of 1 to 3 days (depending on the type).
  • Pain and discomfort are managed with medication.
  • Avoid heavy lifting and sexual activity for 6 to 8 weeks.

Possible Risks and Complications

• Bleeding or infection at the incision site.
• Damage to surrounding organs (bladder, bowel).
• Blood clots.
• Adverse reaction to anesthesia.
• Vaginal prolapse (rare).