A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an X-ray procedure used to evaluate the shape of the uterus and check whether the fallopian tubes are open. A contrast dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes, and X-ray images are taken to monitor how the dye moves through the reproductive structures.
Why Is an HSG Performed?
- To evaluate infertility issues.
- To check for blocked fallopian tubes.
- To diagnose uterine abnormalities (e.g., fibroids, polyps, adhesions).
- To assess the effectiveness of a tubal ligation or sterilization reversal.
- To investigate recurrent miscarriages.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation:
- Scheduled during the first half of your menstrual cycle (days 6–12) to avoid interference with a possible pregnancy.
- Take an over-the-counter pain reliever about 30 minutes before the procedure.
- Avoid sexual intercourse, douching, and tampon use 24 hours before the test.
- During the Procedure:
- You will lie on an examination table under an X-ray machine.
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
- A thin catheter is inserted through the cervix, and contrast dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- X-ray images are taken as the dye flows through the reproductive tract.
- The procedure takes about 10 to 15 minutes.
- Aftercare:
- You may experience mild cramping and spotting for 1–2 days.
- Avoid sexual intercourse and tampon use for 24 hours.
- Watch for signs of infection (fever, heavy bleeding, foul-smelling discharge).
Possible Findings
- Normal: The dye flows freely through the uterus and fallopian tubes, indicating open tubes.
- Blocked Fallopian Tubes: The dye does not pass through one or both tubes.
- Uterine Abnormalities: Irregular shape, fibroids, polyps, or scarring may be detected.
- Hydrosalpinx: Fluid buildup in the fallopian tubes.
Risks and Complications
- Mild cramping and discomfort.
- Allergic reaction to the contrast dye (rare).
- Infection of the uterus or fallopian tubes.
- Uterine perforation (very rare).
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is an HSG painful?
You may feel mild to moderate cramping when the dye is injected, but the discomfort usually lasts only a few minutes.
2. How long does it take to get the results of an HSG?
Your doctor will typically review the results immediately after the procedure and discuss them with you.
3. Can an HSG help improve fertility?
Yes, in some cases the procedure can help open blocked fallopian tubes and improve the chances of conception.
4. How should I prepare for an HSG?
Take an over-the-counter pain reliever beforehand, and avoid sexual activity and tampon use for 24 hours before the procedure.
5. What if my HSG shows blocked tubes?
Your doctor may recommend further testing or surgery to evaluate and treat the blockage.
6. Are there alternatives to an HSG?
Yes, alternatives include saline sonohysterography (ultrasound with saline) and laparoscopy.
7. When can I try to conceive after an HSG?
You can usually try to conceive in the same menstrual cycle unless your doctor advises otherwise.