An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one of the most effective forms of contraception, with both hormonal and non-hormonal options available. They offer long-term protection ranging from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type.
Types of IUDs
- Hormonal IUD: Releases progestin to prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the uterine lining.
- Copper IUD (Paragard): Non-hormonal; releases copper to create an inflammatory response that prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg.
Benefits of IUDs
- Highly effective (over 99% success rate).
- Long-lasting, depending on the type.
- Low maintenance – no daily reminders.
- Hormonal IUDs can reduce menstrual cramps and lighten periods.
- Copper IUDs provide hormone-free contraception.
How IUD Placement Works
- Consultation: Your doctor will review your medical history and discuss your options.
- Procedure:
- The doctor inserts a speculum into the vagina.
- The cervix is cleaned and possibly numbed.
- The IUD is inserted into the uterus using a thin tube.
- Aftercare: Mild cramping or spotting is normal after insertion.
How IUD Removal Works
- Procedure:
- The doctor uses forceps to grasp the IUD string and gently pull it out.
- Mild cramping and spotting may occur.
- Replacement Option: A new IUD can be inserted immediately after removal if desired.
Possible Side Effects and Risks
- Cramping and spotting after insertion.
- Increased menstrual bleeding with copper IUDs.
- Hormonal side effects like headaches, mood changes, and breast tenderness (hormonal IUD).
- Rare risk of perforation or expulsion of the IUD.
- Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) shortly after insertion.
When to Contact Your Doctor
- Severe pain or heavy bleeding after insertion.
- Signs of infection (fever, foul-smelling discharge).
- Inability to feel the IUD strings.
- Suspected pregnancy (rare but possible).
- Persistent discomfort or irregular bleeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How long does an IUD last?
Hormonal IUDs last 3–7 years depending on the type, and copper IUDs last up to 10 years.
2. Does getting an IUD hurt?
Mild to moderate cramping is common during insertion, but it typically lasts only a few minutes.
3. Can I get pregnant with an IUD?
IUDs are over 99% effective, but pregnancy is still possible in rare cases.
4. Can an IUD fall out?
Yes, but it’s rare. Your doctor will teach you how to check for the IUD strings.
5. How soon after IUD removal can I get pregnant?
Fertility returns immediately after removal.
6. Will an IUD affect my periods?
Hormonal IUDs often lighten or stop periods, while copper IUDs may make them heavier.
7. Can an IUD protect against STIs?
No, IUDs do not protect against STIs. Use condoms to reduce STI risk.