No periods (amenorrhea) or irregular periods (oligomenorrhea) are common menstrual issues that can be caused by hormonal imbalances, lifestyle factors, and underlying health conditions.
Causes of No or Irregular Periods
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism)
- Extreme weight loss or obesity
- Stress and anxiety
- Intense exercise
- Perimenopause or menopause
- Use of birth control or other medications
Symptoms of No or Irregular Periods
- Missed periods for 3 months or longer
- Periods occurring more than 35 days apart
- Very light or very heavy bleeding
- Pain or cramping without bleeding
- Spotting between periods
- Changes in breast tenderness or mood
Treatment Options
- Hormonal birth control (to regulate cycles)
- Weight management (if weight is a factor)
- Thyroid treatment (if thyroid issues are present)
- Metformin for PCOS-related irregular periods
- Stress management and lifestyle changes
- Fertility treatments (if trying to conceive)
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What causes irregular periods?
Irregular periods can be caused by stress, hormonal imbalances, PCOS, thyroid issues, and certain medications.
2. Is it normal to skip a period occasionally?
Yes, occasional skipped periods due to stress or changes in weight are normal, but persistent absence of periods should be evaluated.
3. Can birth control help regulate my periods?
Yes, hormonal birth control is often used to regulate irregular periods and reduce heavy bleeding.
4. What is considered an irregular period?
A period is considered irregular if the cycle length varies by more than 7–9 days or if cycles are consistently longer than 35 days or shorter than 21 days.
5. Can stress cause missed periods?
Yes, high stress levels can affect the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones involved in menstruation.
6. Can irregular periods affect fertility?
Yes, irregular periods can make it harder to track ovulation, reducing the chances of conception.
7. When should I see a doctor about irregular periods?
You should see a doctor if your periods stop for 3 months or more, are very heavy, or are accompanied by severe pain.