Tubal Ligation (Sterilization)

Tubal ligation, also known as “getting your tubes tied,” is a permanent form of birth control where the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or blocked to prevent pregnancy. This procedure prevents the egg from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus and blocks sperm from reaching the egg.

Reasons for Tubal Ligation

• Permanent birth control.
• Medical reasons where pregnancy could pose health risks.
• Completion of family planning.
• Desire to avoid hormonal contraception.

Types of Tubal Ligation Procedures

• Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation:
  • Performed through small incisions in the abdomen using a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera).
  • The fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or sealed using heat (cauterization) or clips.
• Mini-laparotomy:
  • Usually done after childbirth through a small incision near the belly button.
  • The tubes are cut, tied, or sealed.
• Postpartum Tubal Ligation:
  • Performed within 24 to 48 hours after childbirth (usually after a C-section).
  • A small incision is made below the navel to access the tubes.

Procedure Overview

• Preparation:
  • Avoid eating or drinking for 8 hours before the procedure (if under general anesthesia).
  • Discuss your medical history and medications with your doctor.
• Procedure:
  • Performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation.
  • A small incision is made in the abdomen or near the belly button.
  • The doctor will close off the fallopian tubes by cutting, tying, sealing, or placing clips.
• Duration: The procedure typically takes 20 to 30 minutes.
• Aftercare: Mild cramping and soreness are common for a few days.

Aftercare and Recovery

• You may experience mild soreness and cramping for a few days.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity for about a week.
• You can usually return to work and normal activities within 3 to 5 days.
• Use a backup form of birth control until your doctor confirms that the procedure was successful.
• Contact your doctor if you experience fever, severe pain, or heavy bleeding.

Possible Risks and Complications

• Bleeding or infection at the incision site.
• Damage to nearby organs (rare).
• Failed closure of the tubes, leading to pregnancy (rare).
• Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).
• Reaction to anesthesia.